Supply Chain Responsiveness and Efficiency free essay sample

Strategic Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Key Analysis - Research Paper Example Higher development is emphatically identified with ascend underway by the company’s production line (Bloom and Perry, 379-396). Changes in the market loan cost additionally influence Wal-Mart’s acquiring per share. Profit of Wal-Mart additionally encountered a fall because of the predominant cash trade rates. Wal-Mart is constantly influenced by a solid dollar. The organization additionally can fundamentally clarify collapse. The items at Wal-store are commonly estimated extremely low. The dealers experience a cost cutting situation. So to arrive at the focused on value level, Wal-Mart impacts the value instrument which prompts deflationary weights in the economy (Basker, 203-229). Wal-Mart is the biggest retailer and therefore its business activities are absolutely impacted by different worldwide powers. Worldwide re-appropriating hugy affects Wal-Mart’s Business. The buying intensity of the United States is significantly impacted by this retailer. Elements of creation winning in the worldwide markets additionally in a roundabout way influence Wal-Mart. Creation renewal everywhere throughout the world has constrained the worldwide holding mammoth to change its own creation structures (Basker, 203-229). Mechanical powers are imperative for Wal-Mart’s achievement. Buyers favor executing by means of the web and subsequently the retail showcase, especially Wal-Mart, has seen an ascent in its deals with the ascent in the utilization of web by buyers. Wal-Mart has constantly received imaginative methodologies of promoting through commercial on their own site and distinctive online networking. The innovative variables guarantee that the focused on clients are recognized without any problem. Wal-Mart has planned different arrangements and plans with the assistance of the trend setting innovation to arrive at its clients (Singh, Hansen, and Blattberg, 457-476). Wal-Mart’s gainfulness is influenced by segment factors. The structure of populace enormously impacts business tasks of Wal-Mart. The stores of Wal-Mart are set deliberately to oblige a wide range of clients; key clients are

Writing Persuasive Essays

Writing Persuasive EssaysInteresting persuasive essay topics are most important when you have never written a persuasive essay before. In fact, there are several reasons for this. The main reason is that if you've never written an essay before, it's very possible that you will make mistakes and if you write a single bad essay, you can get buried in the pile of all your other bad essays.Many people do not know how to write a persuasive essay. If you've never written an essay before, there are a lot of mistakes that you can make. This means that if you do not know how to write an essay before you start writing one, you will be buried in a pile of essays that you have already done. Therefore, to avoid this, you must start writing your persuasive essay before you ever expect to do so.One of the most important things you need to focus on when choosing persuasive essay topics is writing with precision. You need to be able to understand the meaning of each paragraph, so you know what senten ce to end it with. After all, if you don't know the exact word that you should put at the end of the essay, you may end up leaving something out and that will not be a good way to finish the essay.Another thing that you must learn about persuasive essay topics is that there are actually lots of ways to tell that an essay is going to be good. For example, if you have a list of argumentative points and you can prove them all, then you know that your essay will be good. The only problem is that there are too many arguments on a single topic to make a point that will be worth your time.The first thing you want to do when you begin writing a persuasive essay is to establish your thesis statement. This is the basis of your essay and it will serve as your conclusion. This is the sentence or section of the essay that all the rest of the information or evidence comes from.When you establish your thesis statement, you want to continue to make your persuasive essay interesting. This is a huge part of writing a persuasive essay. There are a lot of ways to do this, but I believe the best way is to think about all the various topics that you can discuss, and pick three of the most interesting ones.Once you have chosen three of the most interesting topics, you should be able to tie all of these three topics together. A good example would be, if you cover topics like...poverty, war, government, health care, and religion. This is a very good way to start thinking about all the topics and picking out three of the most interesting ones to include in your final persuasive essay.The last thing you should be aware of when you are creating a persuasive essay is that the more arguments you use, the more impressive your essay will be. This means that if you write an essay with 100 arguments, it will not be as impressive as one that has 500 arguments. Therefore, you want to keep this in mind when you are writing an essay.

How Immigrants Could Help the Economy - 555 Words

In the article by Griswold it looks at the economic analysis and numerous empirical studies that immigrants could help the economy and they could boost the productive capacity of the United States through their labor, the capital they would bring to the country, and their new business ideas. The author talks about how immigrants would not compete with the native born people and that they would fill in the jobs that no one wants to do. This will provide more affordable goods and services to consumers and this will create more employment opportunities for the native-born citizens. The author also talks about higher skilled immigrants and that this will allow American companies to create new products. Immigrant workers make capital more productive, they would increase investment, and they could lower the government tax receipts. The author also discusses how states have enacted laws designed to make life more difficult for undocumented immigrants and how this is not right and that they are not thinking about the benefits immigrants could bring to the country. In the article by Meyerson it looks at immigration in the United States and the effects it can have on the environment, and its relationship to other serious demographic issues facing the country and the world. The author also looks at the two sides of the issue which is what the scientists and then what the politicians say about the issue. The scientists say that human population has great effects on theShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Immigrants in the United States Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of immigrants coming over to the country within the 2000s. In recent studies, there are about 11.5 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. The undocumented immigrant population has grown 27% between 2000 to 2009. Immigrants from Mexico ma ke up 59% of the undocumented immigrants in the United States. These undocumented immigrants can help the economy and country grow. These undocumented immigrants do have some downside to them, which makes people question do they really help this countryRead MoreA Major Public Issue That Currently Affects Us Is Immigration1452 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem. Deportation is an issue that does not only affect the immigrant; their family, the community, and even the economy is affected too. When evaluating what immigrants provide and contribute both in the national and state level, one will realize that banning or deporting the undocumented is not the best solution. The purpose of this topic is to help reveal what positive outcomes can come from not banning or deporting immigrants and how public awareness can change our current policies. ImmigrationRead MoreImmigration Reform And The Immigration Boom Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagestown. No, it does not, I responded. Since you went to sleep, we had what you could call an immigration boom. Now in your old town we have people from many parts of the world. What you see here is the result of immigration reforms, which helps boost the economy, create diversity, and cause cultural enrichment.† RIP if I may call you RIP let me tell you about what immigration is, better yet, let me tell you about immigrants. At the time you were living in your farm, and your prolonged nap several thingsRead MoreImmigration: Good or bad?1162 Words   |  5 Pages Immigration: Proud To Be An Illegal Immigrant? Immigration is an important part of the American history, and how the nation was founded. Immigration has allowed for people who have low income and low education to come to America to better their lives for themselves and their families. It has allowed many people to leave harsh, dangerous conditions in search for a better life, which can be found with hard work and determination. These conditions can also be found in the constitution in Life, LibertyRead MoreImmigration Reform : The United States1312 Words   |  6 Pagesto allowing illegal immigrants grant citizenship and allowing their families to stay in the this country. Just last month, President Obama had a televised executive decision talking about immigration reform. President Obama discussed how the executive decisions like providing legal status and work permits for more than 5 million immigrants, making the Republicans very reluctant to help support President Obama’s executive decision. In President Obama speech , he talks about how â€Å"today, our immigrationRead MoreWhat Do Undocumented Immigrants Really Hurt Our Economy?1745 Words   |  7 PagesUndocumented Immigrants Actually Do To The Economy? As of recently, immigration has come to the forefront of political issues in the United States. There are two main sectors of immigration that our government highlights as problem areas: undocumented immigration and immigration from the Middle East. The number one issue brought up when discussing undocumented immigration is its effect on the economy. There is a plethora of rhetoric that we hear and see in our society telling us that immigrants steal ourRead MorePeople Change For The People Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesPeople Change for the People In the year of 2001, immigrants from all over the world were feared based on their nationality. Before, immigrants were seen as neighbors, friends, and family. Ever since 9/11, immigrants were feared and bashed upon creating a gap politically, socially, and economically. Based on this racial gap, occurrences race against race has created tension and a Race War. The most common war between races are African Americans and Caucasians because of the tension that dates backRead MoreImmigration Is The Creation Of America938 Words   |  4 Pagesmillions of immigrants have been deported from the United States to their motherland countries. What not many see is that America is made up of immigrants, immigrants help bring up the United States of America. Many Americans do not want immigrants to be in the United States mainly because they do not speak English correctly. Illegal immigrants should be allowed to stay in the United States because it will increase educational opportunities, create more jobs, and it will benefit the economy. If the UnitedRead MoreThe Legal And Illegal Immigrants1726 Words   |  7 Pages’m an immigrant, I moved to this country three years ago, but since I was born here I’m considered a legal immigrant, as many legal and illegal immigrants I believe that we help the economy of this country. There are many immigrants in this country, they all come from all over the world. By no means I want to assume that they have all had my experiences. In my case I’m here on the pursuit of new opportunities, in my mind, or in the way I was raised by my parents, and how am I supposed to achieveRead MoreThe Migration Information Source Website, Jie Zong And Jeanne Batalova946 Words   |  4 Pagesthirteen percent of the U.S population consists of immigrants, (Zong, Batalova). Some U.S. citizens do not think America should allow immigrants to cross the border. Probably because U.S. citizens now, aren t being treated how we should and now they can just cross the border and get privile ges that American citizens can t receive. Looking at the bigger picture, there is no definite way to prevent them from crossing the U.S border. Usually immigrants cross the border in hopes to improve their lives

E Commerce And E Business Essay - 1437 Words

Due to economic growth and information technology development, the competitive travel market is stimulating a high demand of customers for international travel (Lin Fu, 2012). Travel customers actively search various websites (Expedia, Priceline, Travelocity, etc.) on the Internet for travel needs and deals (Xiang Gretzel, 2010). The travel industry is facing drastic changes today, regarding business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce and business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, because many people are purchasing travel products and services on the Internet (Casalo, Flavian, Guinaliu, 2010). Travel agencies should adopt e-commerce technology into business models to increase competitive advantages and to boost marketing activities (Abou-Shouk et al., 2013). Information and communications technology (ICT) and E-Commerce and E-Business applications have a large impact on businesses worldwide (Iansiti Lakhani, 2014). Internet application systems: E-commerce and Business-to-Business (B2B) h as experienced tremendous growth since 2011. Conceptual Framework During the last decade, technological innovation has vastly changed our lives and the way that we conduct business (Dash Tech, 2014). Travel agents use the Internet to market products and services, provide customer service and support, perform electronic transactions, and gather information. The Internet is known as an electronic platform that seeks to implement new technological innovations, establish new businessShow MoreRelatedE Commerce And E Business Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pageswords referred to as e-commerce or E-businesses. The management of the businesses, as well as the supervision of the day to day operations of the business, is done virtually. The business does not have physical stores, warehouses or shops. This type of activity utilizes electronic means for the firm transactions as opposed to the traditional brick and mortar setup where the customer and the seller or the service providers did business via face to face interaction. The online business does not use physicalRead MoreE Business, E Commerce, And E Government1925 Words   |  8 Pagesdifference between e-business, e-commerce, and e-government? How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? Danil De Vansa International American University BUS530B Management Information Systems Kimberly Hoyt October 29, 2016 Abstract E-business, e-commerce and e-government are concepts that have become a reality in today s world. Many people all over the world use the internet to purchase goods or services online, conduct business operations orRead MoreE Business Vs. E Commerce1552 Words   |  7 Pagesto find a software that does not have some sort of access to users’ information; going from their name to their credit card information. In fact, with the evolution of technology (most importantly the increase in access to the internet), E-business or E-commerce has been pushed to a new level. Today, customers want to be able to access services at anytime, anywhere. This has led to the development of applications that can be executed on distributed environment or in real time such as Web based applicationsRead MoreBusiness And Consumer E Commerce873 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Business to Consumer e-Commerce? Business to Consumer e-Commerce, also referred to as B2C, is the process of selling goods and services over the Internet rather than having a traditional brick and mortar outlet to sell such products. Businesses establish a website or electronic marketplace with multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, protected electronic payment systems, while also offering online customer support which allow consumers to shop and purchase items in confidenceRead MoreThe E Commerce Business Model3554 Words   |  15 Pagessupport them. The e-commerce business model is one such technology available in the market for the companies to do their business online. The online business helps the company to achieve more profit and stand apart from the other competitors. The company uses the internet as the medium to promote their business and do the online business. In the present scenario most of the people uses internet as a tool to attain their needs. This report will discuss about the technology and business perspective toRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On Business Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pages IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON BUSINESS Name Institution Task 1: 1.1.1 Introduction In the UK, the retail industry is very competitive and every company is looking for a competitive edge over the other. They use techniques such as better services, lower prices, and customer feedback to lure more customers into their businesses. However, one sure way some of the retail shops have been able to break off is through migration to e-commerce and turning their stores into e-business hubs. The strengthRead MoreE Commerce : Business On The Internet1520 Words   |  7 PagesKatrena Smith Dan Curtin Principals of E-Commerce 2 May 2015 Final Project Regular retail stores are almost becoming obsolete today because so many customers are shopping online. Stores that have been apart of our lives for years shutting down operations, some for good and others are only conducting business on the internet. Whatever the case may be more and more people are turning to the internet to fulfill their needs. E-commerce is a multi-billion dollar industry now, when at first some thoughtRead MoreE-Commerce for My Business578 Words   |  2 Pages Based on my future reading from â€Å"The Relationship between E-Commerce Adoption and Organization Performance† , the finding is also quite similar with these journal by which it had stated that the click-and mortar firm should also applying e-commerce and determine the necessary areas that need to be re-engineered in the process to increase the firm’s performance. However, it had been recommended that future researcher should consider some factors in determining their research by which Mutia SobihahRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesOpening Cases, Insight Cases, E-commerce in Action Cases, and Case Studies CHAPTER 1 THE REVOLUTION IS JUST BEGINNING Opening Case: Pinterest: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Insight on Technology: Will Apps Make the Web Irrelevant? Insight on Business: Start-Up Boot Camp Insight on Society: Facebook and the Age of Privacy Case Study: The Pirate Bay: Searching for a Safe Haven CHAPTER 2 E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS AND CONCEPTS Opening Case: Twitter’s Business Model Insight on Society:Read MoreE Commerce : Business Analysis1820 Words   |  8 Pagesbranches in 50 cities has consult Yana consulting for suggestions relating online business. This report is created for Board of Directors of TARDIS Travel containing detailed information about the way to regain the company s market share by conducting business online and remain to be competitive in to future. This report includes details about different type of E-commerce, information related to in-house and outsourcing business strategies that would be helpful in this competitive environment of travel

International Encyclopedia of Adolescence †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the International Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Answer: Introduction Prevention is always better than cure and the same applies while managing juveniles. The juvenile hood is a period of time when many youngsters tend to experience major physical and psychological changes occurring and this in many situations steer many towards the wrong path(Mays Winfree, 2013). Smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, rash driving, theft, and violence are all common occurrences among juveniles making it an important factor to consider. Intervention and management of juvenile crime and misconduct are therefore important areas which require close evaluation to assist re-align the perpetrators and juveniles following the wrong path back onto the track to leading a normal life. There are four main types of juvenile intervention and management of misconduct and crime of namely: Youth Justice Reinvestment Youth Justice Conferencing Boot Camps Youth Detention These four forms of intervention are the most commonly used forms of coping with juveniles who have gone on the rampage and broken the law(Bliesener, Beelmann, Stemmler, 2012). The intervention choice purely depends on the crime committed but in most situations, the intervention is selected based on the same arrangement as above and based directly on the severity of the crime. Its critical to keep in mind that juveniles are experiencing major psychological and physical changes which may be altering their chemistry and this may be triggering them to indulge in such activities. Many do not intend to harm others but are just trying to prove their capacity in front of friends or rivals which push them to even breaking the law or putting other peoples lives in danger. Intervention must never be too harsh on the first occurrence; therefore, Youth Justice Reinvestment is the best option while dealing with rampaging juveniles. Understand the Juveniles Point of View One of the main problems leading to juvenile crime, misconduct is related to the lack of understanding, peer and societal pressure and inability to consider their needs. Once juveniles enter teenage hood they experience major changes where they are more inclined towards trusting their friends as opposed to adults and parents(Cole, 2006). This is considered by many psychologies to be the most critical period during a youths development since its a time when they classify people around them as friend or foe. Lack of proper management at this period leads many parents to develop very chaotic and bad relationships with their children are which in turn pushes the juveniles into committing crime and misconduct. Even the quietest child in class can experience major changes during this period, making it important to understand this is a period or phase a juvenile is experiencing whereby parents need to become more of friends as opposed to parents. The juvenile is likely to re-stabilize once this phase is completed but making this ages an important one which could have serious effects on the individuals life. Parents and society are responsible for managing this situation and understanding juveniles will be misbehaved as its their time to prove their capability. Rather than fight the foe its recommended to develop strong friendships with juveniles during their teenage where they will turn to their parents and elder members of society for guidance(Arnett, 2006). Its also important to keep in mind the juvenile will commit some misconduct even with the best guidance making the style of intervention very important to prevent creating a communication gap between the juvenile and you. They should know you are not happy with what happened but this should end there and move on to the next activity and that put in the past forever. Participate and indulge in their generation and build a close bond, in which you monitor and manage as a friend and not through brute force, Juveniles tend to build huge gaps between their parents and members of society who are constantly monitoring their movements and reporting on their mischief. Mischief is only natural and can be commonly observed even in juveniles in the animal kingdom so why not among human being. A certain amount of mischief should be allowed and encourages but under supervision. Juveniles tend to tune in to the adventurous discussions adults make regarding their child hoot and have a direct effect on them also desiring to have an adventurous young age. Discos, nightclubs and other activities all tend to attract juvenile attention and they need to be exposed to such activates under adult supervision but not under adult control. Juveniles tend to build very boundaries with people would attempt to control their life making it more important to offer guidance and support as opposed to controlling the juveniles life. Studies show juveniles who are controlled tend to opt to follow the denied or disputed rather meaning they are more inclined and attracted towards what they are told not to do(Siegel Welsh, 2017). This makes it a critical time to build trust which allows them to guided gown the right path. Opportunity to Prove Their Contribution Another major concern among juveniles is related to their contributions towards work and the society. Juvenile-hood is a time when youth is craving for attention and are likely to indulge in any activity which has the potential to attract attention towards the individuals. This also happens to be the perfect time to bring out tomorrows leaders. Allowing juveniles to demonstrate and prove their contributions and acknowledge their contributions will in most situation result in making them conscious regarding their reputation in society(Whitehead Lab, 2015). This results in those willing to participate avoiding to indult in law breaking and misconduct activities which could blemish their reputation among the society. Social gathering management, meeting, and activities must include juveniles and most importantly is allowing them to communicate publicly to the society. This helps overcome stage fight and allows the juveniles to develop social leadership and speaking attributes which dis courage them from participating in misconduct. But while doing this the society and older members of the community also need to remember they are juveniles thus they also need to enjoy without highlighting their misbehaviours which in minor instances can be overlooked of strict feedback given to avoid a reoccurrence in future. This should be properly handled to avoid scarring the juvenile away from participating in the activity which is likely to see them indulging more towards miscount activities(Lawrence Hesse, 2009). Always remembers Juvenile today, leader tomorrow thus its important to build a close relationship with juveniles to avoid instigating a large number of juveniles having behavioural misconduct issues in the future. This precise reason every incident of juvenile misconduct must be evaluated before intention is taken. First and second offenders can be provided with Youth Justice Conferencing after which Boot Camps and finally Youth Detention can be considered for serious repeat offenders but at the same time Youth Justice Reinvestment must be kept in mind at all times(Kratcoski, 2012). This is due to society needing to depend on juveniles to develop good habits leaderships skills so as to lead society and development in future. Each generation must hand over to the next making it important to avoid degrading the younger generation due to lack of understanding on how to manage a phase the juvenile may be encountering during their life. It also happens to be a critical stage in their life when they need lots of guidance and help and one which is likely to be overcome as they grow older. This makes it important to manage the few years of juvenile-hood carefully to avoid instigating juveniles to make major mistakes which could have a serious effect on their future and development(IJSI, 2016). Conclusion Juvenile misconduct has been associated with criminal activity and therefore falls under criminal justice laws and regulations and therefore classified as illegal activity and punishable. But the law also takes into consideration the juveniles psychological and physiological factors which may be influencing the individual's decision before making a ruling. In many situations, juveniles who have committed a criminal offense are sentenced to serve terms outside detention and given social work(Young, 2014). This s aimed at helping them receive counselling and allowing them to interact with society so as to understand social demands and interactions. Juvenile sentences are will always offer flexible sentence or ruling in favour of the juvenile especially when they are a first offender. Gradually as the instances, increase and the type of crime intensify the court also intensifies the punishment but always keeping in mind this is rehabilitation. Juvenile boot camps and detention are never aimed at punishing then juvenile but focus more towards helping build positive social skills which can help the juvenile recover and abstain from social mischief, misconduct, and crime. Bibliography Arnett, J. J. (2006). International Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Oxon: Routledge. Bliesener, T., Beelmann, A., Stemmler, M. (2012). Antisocial Behavior and Crime: Contributions of Developmental and Evaluation Research to Prevention and Intervention. Hogrefe Publishing. Cole, R. (2006). Juvenile Firesetting: A Community Guide to Prevention Intervention. Fireproof Children/Preventi. IJSI. (2016). International Journal of Social Impact, Volume 1, Issue 3,. International Journal of Social Impact, 30-47. Kratcoski, P. C. (2012). Juvenile Justice Administration. New York: CRC Press. Lawrence, R., Hesse, M. (2009). Juvenile Justice: The Essentials. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Mays, G. L., Winfree, L. T. (2013). Juvenile Justice. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B. C. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law. Boston: Cengage Learning. Whitehead, J. T., Lab, S. P. (2015). Juvenile Justice: An Introduction. Oxon: Routledge. Young, M. E. (2014). From Early Child Development to Human Development: Investing in Our Children's Future. Washington DC: World Bank Publications,.

Web of Institutionalization

Introduction This paper aims to discuss the use of web of institutionalization developed by Caren Levy (1998) in assessing the opportunities for community-led development. We will discuss a particular conflict situation, the construction of the Ilisu Dam on the lower Tigris River, and make general conclusions based on our discussion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web of Institutionalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case of the Ilisu Dam is quite interesting: on the one hand, this project may create at least 10.000 jobs; however, it will force more than fifty thousand people to resettle. Furthermore, it will virtually erase a great number of cultural heritage sites (Johnson et al, 2010, p 3). This situation can be regarded as conflict of interests, and one has to carefully evaluate the motives of each party that can be involved in this conflict. Such tool as web of institutionalization can be applied to assess the opportunities for sustainability of social justice and policy planning. Furthermore, with its help one can develop strategies for resolving the dispute. These are the key issues that will be scrutinized in this paper. Web of institutionalization as an assessment tool In this part of the paper we need to describe the model offered by Caren Levy. The author defines institutionalization as â€Å"the process whereby social practices become sufficiently regular and continuous to be described as institutions† (Levy, 1998, p 254). To some extent, institutionalization can be viewed as provision of guidelines that regulate the relation between people and help to resolve disputes or conflicts (Shaffer, 2004). The web itself constitutes thirteen elements, yet, their exact number depends on the specific situation, as under some circumstances, the elements of the web may be either very weak or even non-existent1. This web represents a chain of factors and processes which ar e needed for the institutionalization of a social phenomenon, for instance, pressure of political constituencies, political commitment, the structures that represent the rights of certain interest groups, methodologies that help to implement a social policy and so forth (Levy, 1998, p 254). In its nature, web of institutionalization is a guideline that helps a political party or any other organization to work out an action plan.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it can also be used as diagnostic tool. In such case, its main objective is to measure the extent of institutionalization. On the whole, the components of the web can be categorized into four spheres of influence which are as follows: Citizen Sphere, Policy Sphere, Organizational Sphere and Delivery Sphere (Johnson et al, 2010, p 13). We will study the case from the perspective of interests of those peo ple whose living conditions will be endangered by the construction of the Ilisu Dam. Under the current circumstances, the main task is to provide these people with an opportunity to participate in decision-making and help them to better protect their rights. We will discuss the Ilisu Dam case considering four spheres listed above and then make generalizing conclusions about how the web of institutionalization can be used in analogical projects with respect to each sphere. Application of the web to a particular situation Citizen Sphere If we apply the web of institutionalization, we can say that the citizen sphere will consist of three elements. The first component is the experiences of those people, who will have to find new housing due to the construction of this dam (Johnson et al, 2010). In other words, the increased public concern will be the most crucial factor that may force the government to re-evaluate the necessity for project or at least to develop alternatives that would better suit the needs of this population. The second element of citizen sphere is the pressure of political constituencies or forces which influence the government in any possible way. As for the Ilisu Dam case, we can speak primarily about the representatives of Kurdish nationalist movement, because the majority of people, who may need to resettle, are Kurds (Atakuman, 2010, p 119). The key issue is that as a result of this construction the water will flood many sites that are of historical importance to Kurdish people (Smith, 2006). The power of Kurdish nationalist movement is very strong, in part because the government of Turkey does not want to attract international attention to this ethnic problem of the country (Arat, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Web of Institutionalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second player that can impact the outcome of this conflict is UNESCO. If this internati onal organization decides that Hasankeyf centers are the world cultural heritage, the government may put an end to the construction of the Ilisu Dam (Johnson et al, 2010, p 7). Additionally, one should not disregard the role of non-governmental agencies that operate across Europe. For instance, we can mention ECA (Export Credit Agency) Watch. This is the institution that regulates international export financing. ECA Watch insists that European investors should not take part in this project as it will have disastrous ecological and cultural effects (ECA Watch, n. d.). Apart from that, the governments of bordering countries such as Syria or Iraq will also oppose to this project because they are very dependent on water supplies and the Ilisu dam will make them even more dependent on Turkey (ECA Watch, n. d. p, 12). Another group of players that will pay attention to this project are human right organizations. This project may leave many people homeless, and if the government does not o ffer them an adequate substitute for their houses, the construction of the Ilisu Dam will be a direct violation of human rights. The combined power of these stakeholders is very strong, and Turkish government cannot disregard their opinion. The third element of the citizen sphere is the representative political structure or the political party or parties that act in the best interest of these people. Unfortunately, Kurdish people are heavily underrepresented from political standpoint and there is no party in the Turkish parliament that could voice their discontent (Roy, 2005, p 360). As a matter of fact, Turkish laws do not allow forming parties on an ethnic basis. Thus, we can say that this element of the web is very weak. Thus, the web of institutionalization can help evaluate the effects caused by the Citizen Sphere powers that will act and complement each other if a project is implemented. These powers are the increased public concerns, impact of political forces that are capabl e to influence the government, and the political structures that represent people’s interests.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Together, these three powers may have significant influence on the outcome of the project implementation, that is why it is important to consider them when developing the action plan. Policy Sphere The policy sphere is also comprised of the elements: 1) political commitment or the willingness of politicians to address the needs of this population; 2) policy planning or those legislative acts that support the rights of people whose wellbeing is imperiled by a community-led development project; 3) resources or ways of translating the policy into practice (Levy, 1998, p ). As regards the Ilisu dam case, the level of political commitment is very low because Turkish government is not very interested in the needs of people, who will be deprived of their houses. They are only concerned with international reaction to this problem, as the construction of the Ilisu dam can be viewed as discrimination against Kurds. They will also have to take into account the objections raised by Syria and Ir aq if these countries do object to this project. Yet, this is most likely an obligation rather than commitment. The existing Turkish policies also will not help these people to guard themselves against intrusion into their lives. According to the current legislation, a new resettlement law, the government is not required to inform people about the resettlement plan and the options they have. Furthermore, these families are not permitted to choose the location of their resettlement. Finally, they will be compensated only for their housing; no other losses will be taken into account (Eberlein, 2007, p 8). Overall, Turkish resettlement laws do not meet the standards, established in the EU and in no way they can promote the interests of these people (Wegerish Warner, 2010). The population of these areas has virtually no resources that would help them to support their interests. There is no political commitment of the government and no legislation to help them. They can only rely on the assistance of non-governmental organizations, for example, the Nature Association of Turkey and the Initiative to Keep Hasankeyf Alive (Johnson et al, 2010, p 7). These NGOs will not approve the construction of the Ilisu dam, as it will pose a threat to environment and destroy many historical sites. The only thing that will really help them to uphold their opinion is the willingness of the Turkish government to enter the EU (The Economist, 2010). The thing is that they will certainly want no international scandal to break out in connection with this dam and particularly the rights of Kurdish people. Thus, the elements included into the Policy Sphere of the web of institutionalization help to evaluate whether policies that relate to a project that is going to be implemented are â€Å"consonant† with the community’s interests. It gives opportunity to see the extent to which the community will actually benefit from a project and â€Å"how much† will it â€Å"cost † to it. Organizational Sphere The Organizational Sphere comprises such elements as mainstream location of responsibility and procedures (Levy, 1998). The first component, mainstream location of responsibility, can be understood as the willingness of the governmental agencies to take responsibility for the well-being of this population. As regards the Ilisu dam case, there are several agencies that will be held answerable for the resettlement of these people: 1) the District Governorate of Hasankeyf and various regional developmental authorities or RDAs (Johnson et al, 2010, p 5). The key difficulty is that the scope of their responsibilities is very limited and it can be explained by the fact that Turkish resettlement laws do not require the local government to offer adequate compensation to the displaced population (Eberlein, 2007). As concerns the procedural part of resettlement, we need to point out that very little attention has been given to this aspect. For instance, Tu rkish State Hydraulic Works did not offer any security to the people, who may be displaced. In this case, the term security means a sum of money that must be paid for the dispossession (Eberlein, 2007, p 8). More importantly, no information was provided to the affected people about the resettlement plan. It seems that their opinion is of no interest for the local government. Thus, the components of the Organizational Sphere help understand to what extent the way fulfillment of a project is organized ensures people’s safety and secures their interest. Delivery Sphere The elements included to the Delivery Sphere, such as delivery of programs and projects or staff development, reflect how the corresponding fields will meet the needs of the population. Together with the elements of these three Spheres, they give the full picture of what impact the implementation of a project will have on people. As for the Ilisu dam case, at this point, we cannot speak about the delivery sphere b ecause no resettlement has yet to begin. However, judging from policy sphere and organizational sphere we can argue that the needs of the displaced population will not be met. The most dangerous thing is that no one will attempt to address their grievances. As a matter of fact, such element of institutionalization web as delivery of programs and projects or staff development are non-existent in this case. This is why it is very difficult to apply this model for this particular situation. Discussion The examination of the Ilisu dam case has enabled us to identify those strings which must be pulled in order to prevent the construction of the Ilisu Dam or at least to help those people who will be deprived of their property as a result of this project. First of all, this country intends to enter the European Union, and the government has to make sure that Turkish laws and governmental agencies meet the standards, established by the European commission (ÇarkoÄŸlu Rubin, 2003). Thu s, the Ilisu project can be a great barrier on Turkey’s integration into the European Community. Another reason why Turkish State Hydraulic Works may be forced to abandon the construction is active participation of human rights agencies, which must show that the Ilisu dam threatens the well-being of a large Kurdish community. In fact, political underrepresentation of Kurds is the key obstacle on Turkey’s way to the EU. Finally, Turkish government has to take into consideration its relations with other countries such as Syria and Iraq. The construction of the Ilisu dam can sever Turkish partnerships with these states. These are the forces that may help the displaced population to receive adequate compensation for their losses. Conclusion Having discussed the Ilisu dam case, we have seen how the web of institutionalization can be used as an assessment and diagnostic tool in relation to project implementation. Thus, it can be successfully applied to different community-le d development project to anticipate and avoid violation of people’s interest. On the whole, web of institutionalization is a very effective tool for evaluating social practices and assessing the behavior of governmental institutions. The findings, collected in this way may help to protect the interests of certain populations. Nonetheless, one has to bear in mind that it was initially designed for the institutionalization of gender (Levy, 1998). Caren Levy tried to develop a strategy for empowering women in society. In itself, this web is not supposed to resolve conflict situations. Appendix Picture 1 (Levi, 1998, p 256) Reference List Anonymous author. (2010). â€Å"A special report on Turkey: anchor weigh†. The Economist. Arat. Z. 2007. Human rights in Turkey. University of Pennsylvania Press. Atakuman. C. 2010. Value of Heritage in Turkey: History and Politics of Turkey’s World Heritage. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. 23.1 (2010) 107-131. ÇarkoÄŸ lu. A. Rubin. B. 2003. Turkey and the European Union: domestic politics, economic integration, and international dynamics. London. Routledge. Eberlein C. 2007. Evaluation of the Terms of Reference on Resettlement and their implementation for the Ilisu Dam Project in Turkey. Export Credit Agency. ECA Watch (n.d) â€Å"Stop Ilisu†. Export Credit Agency. Johnson C. , Canellakis K. Paquet B. et al. 2010. The Iluse Dam: Negotiating the Future of Hasankeyf and the Tigris River Valley in Southeastern Anatolia. University College London. Levy C. 1998 Institutionalization of Gender through Participatory Practice. In Gujt I. Shah. M. ed. The myth of community: gender issues in participatory development. NY: Intermediate Technology Publications. Kurdish Human Rights Project. 1999. The Ilisu Dam: a human rights disaster in the making : a report on the implications of the Ilisu Hydro-Electric Power Project, Batman Province, Southeast Turkey following a fact-finding mission to the regio n. Kurdish Human Rights Project. Oktem K. 2002 When Dams are Built on Shaky Grounds. Erdkunde. pp 310-315 Roy. O. 2005. Turkey today: a European country? NY: Anthem Press. Smith. H. 2006. â€Å"Bathed In controversy† Guardian. Shaffer. E. 2004. Institutionalization of usability: a step-by-step guide. Addison-Wesley. Yildiz. K. 2005. The Kurds in Turkey: EU accession and human rights. Pluto Press in association with Kurdish Human Rights Project. Wegerish K. Warner J. 2010 Politics of Water: A Survey. London: Taylor Francis. Footnotes 1 To see the web of institutionalization refer to the Appendixes Picture 1. This essay on Web of Institutionalization was written and submitted by user Analia Benton to help you with your own studies. 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